The following are explanations of the observed data and model data used for the interactive charts/future projections：

Observation data

Using the 5KM grid-based observation daily data produced by TCCIP (discontinued), the variables include mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature (unit: °C) and rainfall (unit: mm/day), the data spatial range is Taiwan including some offshore islands (119.2°E–122.15°E ; 21.5°N–25.5°N), the data time is 1960-2020, and the grid resolution is 0.05°×0.05°(approximately 5km).

Model data

Referring to the global climate models used by the IPCC AR5 (The Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 34 sets of complete model simulation results from 20 research centers were selected, and the details of the models are shown in Table 1. This project uses statistical downscaling methods to produce AR5 statistical downscaling daily data, which include variables such as daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature (unit: °C) and daily rainfall (unit: mm/day). The data spatial range and grid resolution are the same as the observation data, and the data time is divided into historical simulation 1960-2005 and future projection 2006-2100. The number of models for each scenario are: RCP2.6 has 22, RCP4.5 has 30, RCP6.0 has 17, and RCP8.5 has 33 models.

The change in temperature (unit: °C) and the change rate in rainfall (unit: %) for future projection, where the change or the change rate refers to the degree of variation of the model future projection relative to the baseline (the average value of 1986–2005). Note: change = future projection value - baseline average value, change rate = (future projection value - baseline average value) / baseline average value * 100%"

Table 1 Description of 34 models (Note: Not every model has simulated results for all scenarios, so the number of models for each scenario is different.)

#	Eng. abbreviation	Grid number(lon×lat)	Research centers (Country)	English full name	RCP2.6	RCP4.5	RCP6.0	RCP8.5
1	ACCESS1.0	1.25° × 1.875°	CSIRO-BOM, Australia	Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator 1.0		⚫		⚫
2	ACCESS1.3	1.25° × 1.875°	CSIRO-BOM, Australia	Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator 1.3		⚫		⚫
3	BCC-CSM1.1	~2.8° ×2.8125°	BCC, China	Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 1.1	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
4	BCC-CSM1.1m	~1.12° × 1.125°	BCC, China	Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 1.1, moderate resolution	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
5	BNU-ESM	~2.8° × 2.8125°	BNU, China	Beijing Normal University Earth System Model	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
6	CanESM2	~2.8° × 2.8125°	CCCma, Canada	Canadian Earth System Model version 2	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
7	CCSM4	~0.94° × 1.25°	NCAR, USA	Community Climate System Model version 4.0	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
8	CESM1-BGC	~0.94° × 1.25°	NSF-DOE-NCAR, USA	Community Earth System Model version 1.0 with Biogeochemistry		⚫		⚫
9	CESM1-CAM5	~0.94° × 1.25°	NSF-DOE-NCAR, USA	Community Earth System Model version 1.0 with Community Atmosphere Model version 5	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
10	CMCC-CESM	~3.7° × 3.75°	CMCC, Italy	Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC) Carbon Earth System Model
11	CMCC-CM	~0.75° × 0.75°	CMCC, Italy	CMCC Climate Model		⚫		⚫
12	CMCC-CMS	~1.9° × 1.875°	CMCC, Italy	CMCC Climate Model with a resolved Stratosphere
13	CNRM-CM5	~1.4° × ~1.4°	CNRM-CERFACS, France	Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM) Climate Model version 5	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
14	CSIRO-Mk3.6.0	~1.9° × 1.875°	CSIRO-QCCCE, Australia	Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Mk3.6 Model	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
15	EC-EARTH	~1.12° × 1.125°	ICHEC, Europe	European Community Earth system model
16	FGOALS-g2	~3.05° × 2.8125°	LASG-CESS, China	Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Grid-point Version 2	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
17	GFDL-CM3	2° × 2.5°	NOAA-GFDL, USA	Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory - Climate Model version 3	⚫		⚫
18	GFDL-ESM2G	~2° × 2.5°	NOAA-GFDL, USA	Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory - Earth System Model couple GOLD ocean model	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
19	GFDL-ESM2M	~2° × 2.5°	NOAA-GFDL, USA	Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory - Earth System Model couple MOM4.1 ocean model		⚫		⚫
20	HadGEM2-AO	1.25° × 1.875°	NIMR-KMA, Korea	Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2 - Atmosphere	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
21	HadGEM2-CC	1.25° × 1.875°	MOHC, UK	Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2 - Carbon Cycle		⚫		⚫
22	HadGEM2-ES	1.25° × 1.875°	MOHC, UK	Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2 - Earth System	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
23	INM-CM4	1.5° × 2°	INM, Russia	Institute for Numerical Mathematics, Climate Model Version 4		⚫		⚫
24	IPSL-CM5A-LR	~1.9° × 3.75°	IPSL, France	Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace Climate Model, with LMDZ5A atmosphere model - low resolution	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
25	IPSL-CM5A-MR	~1.3° × 2.5°	IPSL, France	Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace Climate Model, with LMDZ5A atmosphere model - mid resolution	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
26	IPSL-CM5B-LR	~1.9° × 3.75°	IPSL, France	Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace Climate Model, with LMDZ5B atmosphere model		⚫		⚫
27	MIROC5	~1.4° × ~1.4°	AORI/NIES/JAMSTEC, Japan	Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 5	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
28	MIROC-ESM	~2.8° × 2.8125°	AORI/NIES/JAMSTEC, Japan	Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate - Earth System Model	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
29	MIROC-ESM-CHEM	~2.8° × 2.8125°	AORI/NIES/JAMSTEC, Japan	Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate - Earth System Model, Chemistry Coupled	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
30	MPI-ESM-LR	~1.9° × 1.875°	MPI-M, Germany	Max Planck Institute Earth System Model - low resolution	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
31	MPI-ESM-MR	~1.9° × 1.875°	MPI-M, Germany	Max Planck Institute Earth System Model - mixed resolution	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
32	MRI-CGCM3	~1.12° × 1.125°	MRI, Japan	Meteorological Research Institute, Coupled General Circulation Model version 3	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
33	MRI-ESM1	~1.12° × 1.125°	MRI, Japan	Meteorological Research Institute, Earth System Model version 1
34	NorESM1-M	~1.9° × 2.5°	NCC, Norway	Norwegian Earth System Model version 1 - medium resolution	⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
Model total number					22	29	22	29